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M16

IN PRODUCTION
M16
Quick Overview
Manufacturer
Production
1964 - Present
Overview

The M16 is a lightweight, air‑cooled, gas‑operated, magazine‑fed rifle developed in the United States during the early 1960s as a successor to the M14. Designed around the 5.56×45mm NATO cartridge, its primary purpose is to provide infantry with a high‑velocity, low‑recoil weapon suitable for both semi‑automatic and fully automatic fire. Key innovations include the direct‑impingement gas system, a modular aluminum upper/lower receiver, and a rotating bolt that allows rapid part interchangeability. The rifle quickly became emblematic of modern assault rifles, praised for its accuracy, ergonomics, and ease of maintenance, though early reliability issues earned it a mixed reputation that was later remedied through design refinements. Distinguishing characteristics are its distinctive forward‑hand guard, detachable carrying handle with integrated rear sight, and the ability to accept a wide range of accessories via the later‑added Picatinny rail system.

Dimensions
Overall Length
990 mm (39 in) with stock extended; 860 mm (33.9 in) with stock collapsed (carbine)
Barrel Length
508 mm (20 in) standard; 406 mm (16 in) for carbine variants
Weight
3.26 kg (7.2 lb) empty, standard rifle; 3.40 kg (7.5 lb) carbine
Mechanical
Action Type
Direct‑impingement gas system with rotating bolt, short‑stroke operation
Trigger Type
Single‑stage military trigger; three‑round burst mechanism on A2/A4 models
Sights Type
Standard: detachable carrying handle with integrated rear aperture (M16A1) or flat‑top receiver with Picatinny rail and removable iron sights (A4); front post fixed
Magazine Capacity
30 rounds standard STANAG; 20, 40, 60 round options and drum magazines available

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